IS-IS TLV Concept

ByMohamed WagdyJun 2, 20133 min read

TLV stands for (Type Length Value) and it is a Variable-Length field appended to the IS-IS PDUs and gives the IS-IS a lot of capabilities. IS-IS was not designed to be for IP routing, it was designed for CLNS but…

Switch Multicast Techniques

ByOsama AboelfathJun 1, 20133 min read

Before talking about Multicast Techniques used in switches we will assume that we have a simple network of 3 hosts connected to a Switch and this switch connects them to a Router connected to the other world also let’s assume…

Distance vector protocols

ByMohamed WagdyMay 16, 20138 min read

A routing protocol belong to one of two classes (Distance-Vector or Link-state), every class of both has some of characteristics of operation. – Distance Vector class One of the main aspects of Distance-Vector that every route is treated like a…

Designated router in ISIS

ByOsama AboelfathMay 15, 20132 min read

In OSPF, DR “Designated Router” is used in Broadcast networks to eliminate LSAs “Link-State Advertisement”  flooding everywhere and less the adjacencies to be maintaned with the DR/BDR only, so that after DR/BDR elections all routers will multicast their LSAs to…

EIGRP and BGP Cost Community

ByAbdullah MedhatApr 11, 20136 min read

It has been a while since my last post but I am willing to make it up :), and todays post will the beginning and more to come soon. In SP environments; customers asks for main and backup scenarios for…


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Redistribution needs, issues, and configuration

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ByM.galaaSep 1, 20126 min read

Outlines: 1-      Why we need multiple routing protocols? Which lead to need redistribution 2-      Redistribution meaning. 3-      Methods of Redistribution. 4-      Redistributing protocol  Vs Redistributed protocol 5-      Redistribution Issues. 6-     …

BFD – Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

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ByAbdullah MedhatAug 15, 20122 min read

Whats BFD ? – BFD is a detection protocol used to used to detect failures in the forwarding path between two adjacent routers. Its also independant of any media type, encapsulation…

MPLS Study Notes [Part 2]

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ByAbdullah MedhatApr 15, 201210 min read

** This topic is a sequel to MPLS Study Note [Part 1] and its intended to be a brief intro to MPLS VPNs ** ## What is MPLS VPNs ? ## As…

MPLS Study Notes [Part 1]

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ByAbdullah MedhatApr 7, 20128 min read

** This topic is intended to be a refresher for all of us when we need a quick review for MPLS ** Recommended Readings MPLS Summary ## Acronyms For MPLS…

Integrated IS-IS [Part 1]

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ByOsama AboelfathMar 25, 20124 min read

At the early days of networking, ISO and IP protocols battled to be the adopted standard of the Internet. Sure IP won as we all see IP Internet but there…

OSPF Network point-to-point

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ByOsama AboelfathFeb 6, 20122 min read

Today we will talk about a single command related to the Open Shortest Path First “OSPF” which is “ip OSPF network point-to-point”. This command manually sets the OSPF network type…

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

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ByOsama AboelfathDec 7, 20112 min read

*** In this Article we will make a fast review about Point-to-Point Protocol and the steps of links establishment*** The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link protocol commonly used in establishing a direct connection…

Maximum Transmission Unit “MTU”

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ByOsama AboelfathOct 19, 20113 min read

What is MTU? IT is the maximum transmission unit which is a limit, expressed in bytes, on the size of data sent over a network. It is the maximum size…

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RL coffee break #6 – The Need for Containerized Network Function

ByRL Events TeamJul 4, 2020

With the existence of containers, let us move from virtual network function (VNF) to containerized network function (CNF)… In this break we speak about Why CNF,  how it works, its need,…

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