OSPF Type-4 LSA

ByOsama AboelfathAug 1, 20134 min read

The importance of this article lies in why do the ABR (Area Boarder Routers) need to originate a new type of LSA (Link State Advertisements) side to side to Type-5 LSA. Type-4 LSA is ASBR (Autonomus System Boarder Routers) summary…Read…

L2VPN Interworking

ByOsama AboelfathJul 21, 20132 min read

The subject of this topic is divided into two parts L2VPN & Interworking, Starting with the first part “L2VPN” we are not going deeply with the L2VPN architecture but in brief L2VPNs are tunneling the layer 2 packets over IP/MPLS…Read…

Multi-VRF Selection

ByAbdullah MedhatJun 30, 20135 min read

While searching for a solution for a problem that I was facing a week ago, I stumbled upon this feature “Multi-VRF selection”, only the name was enough to make curious to go through this feature. My problem was to route…Read…

Understanding policy-map – police (bc) and (be) parameters

ByMohamed AlaaJun 25, 201311 min read

While i was working in packet loss issue with one of our customers i found the below results:First we need to know what (bc) and (be) values are using for:Policing uses normal or Committed Burst (bc) and Excess Burst (be) values…Read…

Q-in-Q At A Glance

ByAbdullah MedhatJun 8, 20133 min read

In service provider networks, Ethernet technology is taking over ATM technology, and the demand of VLANs is increasing by the increase of the service provider customer being served. The VLAN-ID field is 12-bits offering 4095 VLANs, which will eventually be…Read…


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Switch Multicast Techniques

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ByOsama AboelfathJun 1, 20133 min read

Before talking about Multicast Techniques used in switches we will assume that we have a simple network of 3 hosts connected to a Switch and this switch connects them to…

Distance vector protocols

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ByMohamed WagdyMay 16, 20138 min read

A routing protocol belong to one of two classes (Distance-Vector or Link-state), every class of both has some of characteristics of operation. – Distance Vector class One of the main…

Designated router in ISIS

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ByOsama AboelfathMay 15, 20132 min read

In OSPF, DR “Designated Router” is used in Broadcast networks to eliminate LSAs “Link-State Advertisement”  flooding everywhere and less the adjacencies to be maintaned with the DR/BDR only, so that…

EIGRP and BGP Cost Community

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ByAbdullah MedhatApr 11, 20136 min read

It has been a while since my last post but I am willing to make it up :), and todays post will the beginning and more to come soon. In…

MPLS LDP-IGP Synchronization

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ByOsama AboelfathMar 31, 20133 min read

This topic is extremely important for our blog followers who are interested in learning more about Service Provider’s technologies and new features which are introduced to optimize the design of…

Identify and Mitigate Security Threats (Part 1):

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ByAhmed EldeebMar 29, 20139 min read

In this topic we will discuss the OSI model layers and try to illustrate different types of attacks and how to mitigate and defend our network against these attacks. But…

Security Fundamentals

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ByAhmed EldeebMar 27, 20135 min read

I know most of you already know a lot about it, but I just wanted to lay down the foundations for what to come next. Security Lifecycle: If you search…

BGP default IPv4-unicast

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ByOsama AboelfathFeb 6, 20133 min read

In this topic we will focus on just one command and the default behavior of BGP on Cisco devices. For the Cisco IOS we just configure a neighbor under the…

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