While searching for a solution for a problem that I was facing a week ago, I stumbled upon this feature “Multi-VRF selection”, only the name was enough to make curious to go through this feature.
My problem was to route traffic that is coming from the global routing table into different VRFs based on the destination prefixes, one of the solutions for this problem is Multi-VRF selection using policy based routing.
Simply; Multi-VRF selection enables an interface to route packets to different VRFs based on a matching criteria, the criteria can be defined in a route map that matches an IP Access-list or matches a packet length.
The interface where you will apply the Multi-VRF selection can either be assigned to a VRF or not, it will work on both cases.
Lets assume the below Scenario:
Three customers needs to reach the IP address (5.5.5.5) located behind R5, each customer belongs to VRF and the IP address is in the global routing table.
On the PE, we can configure a static route for each VRF with the “global” keyword as following:
|
PE |
| ip route vrf cust_a 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255 FastEthernet1/1 10.10.50.2 global ip route vrf cust_b 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255 FastEthernet1/1 10.10.50.2 global ip route vrf cust_c 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255 FastEthernet1/1 10.10.50.2 global |
The “global” keyword will instruct the router to look up the next-hop address in the global routing table instead of looking it up in the VRF routing table, this will pass the traffic from the VRF and it will reach the server.
Now when R5 tries to reach it will fail, as the global routing table of the PE doesn’t have any routes for the customers, and the traffic from R5 has to enter a VRF in order to reach the customers, but which VRF !
Here is a look on the PE routing table:
|
PE |
| PE1#sho ip route Codes: L – local, C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2 i – IS-IS, su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2 ia – IS-IS inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route o – ODR, P – periodic downloaded static route, H – NHRP + – replicated route, % – next hop override Gateway of last resort is not set10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 10.10.50.0/30 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/1 L 10.10.50.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/1 44.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 44.44.44.44 is directly connected, Loopback0 |
The PE only knows its Loopback and the Fastethernet connected to R5 only.
For the traffic sourced from R5 towards the customers we will use the destination IP addresses to identify to which VRF the traffic should enter.
First we will need to create an extended ACL to classify the traffic that is destined for each customer:
|
PE |
| ip access-list extended cust_a_prefix permit ip any host 1.1.1.1 ip access-list extended cust_b_prefix permit ip any host 2.2.2.2 ip access-list extended cust_c_prefix permit ip any host 3.3.3.3 |
Second step is to create a route-map that matches the ACLs and sets the appropriate VRF:
|
PE |
| route-map cust_vrf permit 10 match ip address cust_a_prefix set vrf cust_a route-map cust_vrf permit 20 match ip address cust_b_prefix set vrf cust_b route-map cust_vrf permit 30 match ip address cust_c_prefix set vrf cust_c |
Third step is to apply the route-map under the interface connected to R5:
|
PE |
| interface FastEthernet1/1 ip vrf forwarding cust_a ip address 10.10.50.1 255.255.255.252 ip policy route-map cust_vrf speed 100 duplex full end |
Fourth step is test the reachability:
|
Cust B |
| interface Loopback1 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 end Cust_B#ping 5.5.5.5 sou lo 1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 2.2.2.2 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/30/56 ms |
|
R5 |
| interface Loopback1 ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255 end R5#ping 3.3.3.3 sou lo 1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 5.5.5.5 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/32/64 ms |
You can manipulate the ACL and change the matching criteria according to your needs, and as said earlier even if you apply the PBR to an interface that belongs to a VRF this feature and the PBR is considered before the normal destination based routing, and for the traffic that doesn’t match the PBR the normal destination based routing will be performed.
Enjoy trying this feature yourself 🙂
HTH
Abdullah Medhat Salah
